Restoration Of Cultural Relics Research Articles

Processing, Microstructure, and Performance of Robocast Clay-Based Ceramics Incorporating Hollow Alumina Microspheres.

The restoration of ancient ceramics has attracted widespread attention as it can reveal the overall appearance of ancient ceramics as well as the original information and artistic charm of cultural relics. However, traditional manual restoration is constrained due to its time-consuming nature and susceptibility to damaging ancient ceramics. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique was employed to accurately restore Chinese Yuan Dynasty Longquan celadon using hollow Al2O3 microsphere-modified 3D printing paste. The results show that the hollow Al2O3 microsphere content plays a vital role in the printability, physical properties, and firing performance of the modified 3D printing paste. The printed green bodies show no noticeable spacing or voids under moderate rheological conditions. The as-prepared ceramic body modified with 6 wt.% hollow Al2O3 microspheres and fired at 1280 °C exhibits optimal bending strength of 56.66 MPa and a relatively low density of 2.16 g∙cm-3, as well as a relatively uniform longitudinal elastic modulus and hardness along the interlayer. This 3D printing technique based on hollow Al2O3 microsphere-modified paste presents a promising pathway for achieving non-contact and damage-free restoration of cultural relics.

Enhancement of aluminum phosphate adhesion performance by nano-clay for terracotta figurine restoration

Constructing inorganic adhesive to bond the broken fragments that for that meet the requirements of restoration of cultural relics is still challenging. In response to this problem, a new design of nano-clay/aluminum phosphate adhesive and the preparation of corresponding material were proposed. An orthogonal experiment L25 (53）was conducted to optimize the ratio of the adhesives. The composite adhesive was characterized and the bonding efficiencies of mimicking terracotta figurine were evaluated. Based on the above experiments, the composite adhesive with attractive mechanical properties is mainly based on the Si–O–P, Al–O–P covalent bond and hydrogen bond interactions between nano-clay surface and aluminum phosphate. The proposed inorganic adhesive has advantages in similarity with the raw materials of the restored cultural relics, easy control of bonding course, durability, and environmental friendliness, which represents a potential utility of this adhesive in the restoration of earthenware relics.

Image Classification and Restoration of Ancient Textiles Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Ancient textile images have a variety of styles and themes, and the classification of different types of textiles provides a reliable reference for the protection and restoration of cultural relics. Due to the low efficiency of traditional classification methods and the low accuracy of classification, the image restoration of textiles takes longer and the repair effect is poor. Therefore, this paper takes ancient textile images as the research object and selects YOLOv4–ViT collaborative identification network (YOLOv4–ViT network) and generative adversarial networks (GAN) restoration model from a variety of network models to classify and restore ancient textile images. In this work, YOLOv4–ViT network is used to recognize and classify pattern elements in ancient textile images. Then, according to the classification results, restoration training of ancient textiles was carried out using an improved GAN restoration model, for which the final classification accuracy reached 92.78% and the repair result even took only 1.5 s. On this basis, a reliable retrieval and restoration system is designed to realize the repair of damaged textile images, reduce the difficulty of repair, and help users retrieve and browse different categories of ancient textile images, thus solve the problems of slow retrieval speed in traditional retrieval methods and poor restoration effect of ancient textile images.

Research on Conservation and Restoration Methods of Museum Artifacts in the Context of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract In the era of artificial intelligence, the conservation and restoration of museum artifacts encounter both new possibilities and hurdles. The limitations of conventional conservation techniques, in terms of efficiency and accuracy, are becoming increasingly apparent. This study explores the potential of 3D reconstruction technologies, SIFT algorithms, and Poisson’s equation to revolutionize the digital restoration of cultural relics. These advanced approaches allow for precise, efficient restorations and the ability to undertake complex projects without risking harm to the original items. Our approach integrates cutting-edge algorithms to tailor 3D reconstruction strategies for museum artifacts, culminating in creating a comprehensive digital artifact database. Through the innovative use of feature point detection and texture synthesis, we have achieved notable successes, including a 12% improvement in 3D model accuracy and a significant enhancement in the automation of the restoration process. With an SSIM value of 0.9964 for restored images, our method demonstrates superiority over traditional restoration techniques, marking a significant stride towards the efficient digital preservation of cultural heritage.

The conservation and utilization of museum relics based on internet of things and fuzzy control

With the development of Internet of Things and fuzzy control theory, there are new opportunities for the conservation and utilization of museum artifacts. The traditional way of heritage restoration lacks the overall harmony of heritage restoration, which leads to the stagnation of heritage restoration level. At the same time, traditional heritage conservation is also limited to manual management, which seriously hinders the development of the overall level of museums. Artifacts are of great commemorative and research value and are objects that have been handed down to mankind for thousands of years and have been subjected to the natural environment for a long time before being excavated. Heritage conservation requires not only restoring artifacts to the greatest extent possible, but also securing the environment in which they are displayed and stored to ensure that they can be preserved for as long as possible. But the following problems exist in the conservation of cultural relics (1) the lack of strict standards for the environment in which cultural relics are stored. (2) the professional competence of the staff is not strong. (3) The lack of a strict management system (4) heritage conservation technology is backward. To solve these problems our team constructed a fuzzy control method based on fuzzy control theory to assist in the restoration of cultural relics. The model constructed by fuzzy control theory solves this problem. The fuzzy control theory constructs a model for restoration of cultural relics, taking into account the overall harmony of the relics and the accuracy of the points, which is of great significance for the restoration of museum relics. At the same time through the Internet of Things technology to build a library heritage protection system, the main content of the system is (1) the use of Internet of Things technology to build a security protection system for cultural relics (2) the use of Internet of Things technology to detect the storage environment of cultural relics (3) the use of Internet of Things technology to optimize the management process of cultural relics (4) the use of Internet of Things technology to achieve real-time monitoring of the flow of information on cultural relics. And based on this, suggestions are made to (1) improve the museum heritage protection and utilization system (2) improve the infrastructure of museum heritage protection and build a good environment for heritage storage (3) improve the quality of heritage managers. The model constructed in the article has been tested in practice and is feasible, with certain practical and theoretical values.

Frescoes restoration via virtual-real fusion: Method and practice

In the era of artificial intelligence, image-based virtual restoration of cultural relics is one of the methods used in the restoration of cultural relics. As the most informative representative of cultural heritage in the study of historical materials, murals occupy a significant position in archaeology and ancient culture. Currently, most of the existing virtual restoration of murals is limited to the restoration of image information for local damage. The scenes of murals have large spatial scales and complex semantic contents. In order to enhance the semantic relevance of the virtual restoration of murals and the immersion of a visual perception, this paper proposes a kind of mural virtual-real fusion restoration display method based on visual attention mechanism. Based on the case study on the immersive fusion restoration of Dunhuang grotto murals, the feasibility of regional mural image restoration and real space scene fusion restoration is verified. A new paradigm of mural heritage protection in the context of virtual-real fusion is realized.

Subclassification Determination and Weathering Composition Prediction of Ancient Glass Artifact Compositions Based on Clustering Algorithms

Ancient glass is susceptible to environmental weathering, and the content of chemical elements varies with the degree of weathering. Through the correlation analysis of weathering degree and color, pattern and composition by Chi-square test, it is found that the weathering degree of glass surface changes based on composition and color, and pattern has little correlation. The principal component analysis of the glass is based on different chemical compositions and whether the glass is weathered or not. Through the supervised learning k-means algorithm, four types are obtained: unweathered high potassium glass, weathered high potassium glass, unweathered lead barium glass, weathered lead barium glass; Further, the glass is classified into 9 subclasses based on the content of other elements to facilitate the study. The cloud model was used to predict the composition of cultural relics before weathering, and the relationship between the main chemical composition of high-potassium glass and lead-barium glass before weathering was obtained, which was convenient for subsequent research and restoration of cultural relics.

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the compatibility of restoration materials — Case study in the rammed earth restoration of the M2 Han tomb in Dingtao, Shandong Province

• Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system for the compatibility was established. • Indicators and relevant weight involved in evaluation were determined tentatively. • Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of compatibility aids selection of restoration materials. Based on the restoration of rammed earth structures in the Mausoleum of the Dingtao King (M2) in Shandong Province, China, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system for determining the compatibility of rammed earth cultural relics and various restoration materials was established using the fuzzy logic theory. Using this system, the compatibility between organic/inorganic-composite-modified natural hydraulic lime (NHL)-based restoration materials and the rammed earth matrix was evaluated. In this study, the primary factors affecting the compatibility of the modified NHL-based restoration material and the matrix to be restored included soil binder ratio, silica fume (SF) dosage, and organic modifier dosage. The soil binder ratio was found to be the most important factor affecting the compatibility between the restoration material and the matrix; the optimal formulation for the restoration material was found to have a soil binder ratio of 8:1, a SF dosage of 5%, and an organic modifier dosage of 10%. This optimal formulation was then applied in the field reinforcement test of the rammed earth in the M2 Han tomb. After one year, no cracking or separation at the interface between the restoration material and the rammed earth matrix was observed; the interface bonding performance and compatibility were thus considered excellent. The restored part of the structure exhibited no surface effloresce or detachment; therefore, the durability of the restored structure was considered to be excellent. The abovementioned results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method proposed in this study. This study can be used as a reference for the optimization of restoration materials for use in the restoration of cultural relics.

HIGH PRECISION AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF CULTURAL RELIC DISEASES BASED ON IMPROVED SLIC AND AP CLUSTERING

Abstract. Automatic and high-precision detection and quantitative expression of cultural relics diseases are important contents of cultural relics science and technology protection. Aiming at the problem of automatic extraction of boundary cultural relics diseases, this paper proposes an adaptive SLIC0 combined with AP clustering method to achieve high-precision detection of disease areas. Firstly, based on the SLIC0 algorithm, the selected area of the disease orthophoto frame is segmented, and the Canny edge detection is used as the true value. The number of superpixels is iterative until the accuracy meets the requirements, so as to achieve the best fitting of superpixel edges. Then the AP clustering method is used to merge the superpixels of the disease area to obtain the edge information. Finally, taking the surface shedding disease of painted cultural relics as an example, this method is applied to realize the high precision extraction and quantitative expression of the edge of the disease. The correctness, feasibility and advancement of the algorithm are proved by comparing with the existing manual methods. The method in this paper provides an efficient and high-precision means for the quantitative expression of cultural relics diseases, and can provide accurate data support for the scientific and technological restoration of cultural relics.

Improved image inpainting exemplar-based algorithms by boundary priori-knowledge

Image inpainting plays an important role in restoration of cultural relics, pictures beautification. Criminisi algorithm creates good results in large-area inpainting. However, it does still have some deficiencies such as over-extending. In this paper, two improved algorithms based on prior knowledge of the boundary had been proposed by simulating the idea of manual repairing. An algorithm, by simulating the strategy that the next inpainted pixel will be near to the prior one, named nearer neighbor first algorithm, can void the random bounding of the to-be-inpainted pixle. Another algorithm, by simulating the strategy that the inpainting process, named no-inpainted first algorithm, will be in multiple directions, can void the inpainting process in a single direction. The results reveal that the neighborhood-first algorithm performs better than Criminsi algorithm in repairing the missing structure while the unrepaired-first algorithm performs better than Criminsi algorithm in repairing the missing texture.

Self-Shaping Microemulsion Gels for Cultural Relic Cleaning.

Cleaning is a foundational and essential operation of protection and restoration of cultural relics, which is also the key step of follow-up works. To overcome the problems of uncontrollable diffusion of cleaning solvents and poor coverage of the cleaning solvent carriers on rough surfaces, here, we propose a strategy of using a self-shaping microemulsion gel that is prepared via emulsifying oleophilic solvents into the specific shear-thinning hydrogel structures. The gel can adaptively cover rough surfaces during the cleaning process coupled with avoidance of unnecessary diffusion of the cleaning solvents, and the mechanical reinforcement of in situ polymerized double-network gels enables its easy peeling off from the surfaces without leaving determinable residues. As a representative demonstration, Paraloid B72, a widely used material for the repair and reinforcement of cultural relics, is employed as a model discolored coating, which can be effectively removed from the rough surface of simulated cultural relics after treatment with the resulting gels. Convincingly, the strategy of constructing agarose/polyacrylamide hybrid double-network gels with shear-thinning and self-shaping performances for the cleaning of cultural relics not only improves the convenience and accuracy of operation but also exhibits an efficient cleaning effect, which will greatly expand the application of microemulsion gels in the cleaning of rough surfaces of cultural relics.

RESEARCH ON EVALUATION OF THE SPALLING DISEASE OF NICHE FOR BUDDHA IN GROTTOES

Abstract. The niche for Buddha is an important part of the cultural relics in the grottoes, but it has caused serious spalling disease due to human activities and natural disasters. This paper presents a new quantitative evaluation method for the spalling disease of niche for Buddha. First, the random forest-based method was used to identify the niche for Buddha . Then, the spatial clustering of the head of the niche for Buddha was performed by DBSCAN, and the reference surface was determined by the RANSAC algorithm. Based on this, the spallation depth of the grotto surface was extracted and the relevant index elements were established. The experiment of point cloud data in Cave 18 of Yungang Grottoes proves the rationality of this method, which is of great significance to the protection and virtual restoration of cultural relics in grottoes.

How geometric reverse engineering techniques can conserve our heritage; a case study in Iraq using 3D laser scanning

Laser scanning has become a popular technique for the acquisition of digital models in the field of cultural heritage conservation and restoration nowadays. Many archaeological sites were lost, damaged, or faded, rather than being passed on to future generations due to many natural or human risks. It is still a challenge to accurately produce the digital and physical model of the missing regions or parts of our cultural heritage objects and restore damaged artefacts. The typical manual restoration can become a tedious and error-prone process; also can cause secondary damage to the relics. Therefore, in this paper, the automatic digital application process of 3D laser modelling of artefacts in virtual restoration is presented based on reverse engineering techniques. Two case studies were selected and processed in Iraq to meet the aim of this research and show how reverse engineering approaches can save our culture. The efficiency and safety of the preservation and restoration of cultural relics are improved and visually demonstrated. Different reverse engineering techniques applied to show the geometric potential for such approaches following laser-based 3D data application.

On the research of cultural relic restoration under reverse design

At present, artificial restoration of cultural relics has been unable to solve the difficulties in restoration and protection of cultural relics, as well as low restoration rate a series of problems. In order to solve the above problems, this article conducts in-depth research on the emerging computer technology that can be used for cultural relic restoration, and proposes a computer-aided cultural relic restoration and reconstruction process based on the reverse design method, and explains the application of 3D printing technology to the restoration of ceramic cultural relics. In this paper, the unearthed cultural relics are protected to the maximum extent research, which provides a reference for improving the scientific nature and durability of cultural relics protection and inheritance.

Matching Method of Cultural Relic Fragments Constrained by Thickness and Contour Feature

The virtual restoration of cultural relics by adopting computer technology is the trend of cultural relics protection and value mining. In order to solve the problem of large error in the existing matching methods of non-thin-walled cultural relic fragments, in this paper, a matching method of cultural relic fragments is proposed, when the thickness feature and the contour feature are combined, and the strategy of coarse matching followed by fine matching is adopted. Firstly, the broken contour of cultural relic fragments is extracted, and the upper and lower contour lines are identified; secondly, the thickness feature is calculated and the thickness histogram is constructed. After that, the initial matching of fragments is completed according to the similarity of the histogram. Thirdly, the fracture contour is segmented, and the fragments of the mismatching relationship in the initial matching are also eliminated by the modified Hausdorff distance to optimize the coarse matching results. Finally, the SVD method is adopted to solve the rigid body transformation parameters, and the ICP algorithm is employed to accurately align the fine matching. The experimental results show that with the method in this paper, excellent matching results have been obtained regarding the fragments of the Terracotta Warriors. Compared with matching methods of other cultural relic fragments, the accuracy and algorithm cost of this method are better.

Improved Iterative Closest Point(ICP) 3D point cloud registration algorithm based on point cloud filtering and adaptive fireworks for coarse registration

ABSTRACTAiming at the problem of long computation time and poor registration accuracy in the current three-dimensional point cloud registration problem, this paper presents a k-dimensional Tree(KD-tree) improved ICP algorithm(KD-tree_ICP) that combines point cloud filtering and adaptive fireworks algorithms for coarse registration. On the basis of the typical KD-tree improved ICP algorithm, the point cloud filtering process and adaptive firework coarse registration process are added. Firstly, the point cloud data acquired by the 3D laser scanner is filtered. And then the adaptive fireworks algorithm is used to perform coarse registration on the filtered point cloud data. Next, the KD-tree_ICP algorithm is used to perform accurate registration on the basis of coarse registration, and the obtained translation and rotation relations are applied to the original point cloud data to obtain the result after registration. Finally, 3D point clouds of physical models of five statues are used for experimental verification, including error analysis, stability analysis and comparison with other algorithms. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has greatly improved the calculation speed and accuracy, and the algorithm is stable and reliable, which can also be applied to the reconstruction of 3D building models, restoration of cultural relics, precision machining and other fields.

Application of Digital Processing in Relic Image Restoration Design

Cultural relic is the carrier of human historic culture, which can reflect the cultural and social environment, but cultural relics as a material will be damaged over time. Before the advent of computer technology, the damaged cultural relics would not be repaired due to cost. Computer vision technology has been applied to the restoration of cultural relics, mainly for the virtual restoration of damaged cultural relics images. This paper briefly introduced the Criminisi image restoration algorithm and the structure tensor used to improve the algorithm in the digital cultural relics image restoration. A damaged cultural relics image and a complete image which was damaged by human were repaired respectively using the classical Criminisi image restoration algorithm and the improved structure tensor based repair algorithm on MATLAB software. The results showed that the Criminisi image restoration algorithm could be used to repair the damaged images of ancient fabrics. It was found that the classical image restoration algorithm had some shortcomings, such as inappropriate texture structure, obvious repair marks and addition of redundant information, but the improved algorithm effectively avoided the above shortcomings. The peak signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the complete image which was damaged by human was compared objectively, and it was found that the improved algorithm had better restoration performance.

DISCRIMINATION OF CULTURAL RELICS SIMILARITY BASED ON PHASH ALGORITHM AND SIFT OPERATOR

Abstract. Among the immovable cultural relics such as grottoes, stone carvings of the same period usually show similar artistic styles and repetitive statues. Through the study of the similarity between cultural relics in the same period, we can have reference value for the historical significance, artistic characteristics and cultural relics restoration of cultural relics. The traditional discrimination of cultural relics similarity often depends on the subjective experience judgment of experts, which is time-consuming and inefficient. Often, different experts may issue different conclusions, the lack of convincing objective evaluation basis, can not provide effective scientific support for the protection and restoration of cultural relics. In order to provide objective criteria for evaluating the similarity of cultural relics and avoid the interference of human factors, this paper proposes the concept of similarity index of cultural relics based on perceptual Hash (pHsah) algorithm. For orthophoto images of cultural relics with similarity index within the threshold, the SIFT operator is further used to find the corresponding feature points. This paper takes the Buddha statues in Yungang Grottoes as the research object, objectively calculates the similarity index of cultural relics, combines the pHash algorithm and Sift operator, realizes the objective quantitative discrimination of cultural relics similarity, effectively avoids the subjective influence of experts on the judgment of cultural relics similarity.

Application of 3D Printing Industrial Robot in Ceramic Relic Protection and Repair

The restoration of historical artifacts of ceramics has always been an urgent problem to be solved by the cultural relics community. With the popularization and development of 3D technology and 3D printing industrial robots, it has the characteristics of non-contact scanning and high adaptability. In the process of copying and repairing cultural relics, it has many advantages that cannot be compensated in the traditional process. This paper focuses on the process and method of applying 3D printing industrial robots to the restoration of such cultural relics. After a brief introduction to the 3D printing process, the application of the restoration of cultural relics is divided into three aspects: three-dimensional scanning, reverse modeling, database establishment and cultural relics derivatives, which explains the practicality, efficiency and convenience of it. An example demonstrates the process of combining 3D printing technology with traditional processes to further enhance the protection of cultural relics.

Use of a 3D model to improve the performance of laser-based railway track inspection

In recent decades, 3D reconstruction techniques have been applied in an increasing number of areas such as virtual reality, robot navigation, medical imaging and architectural restoration of cultural relics. Most of the inspection techniques used in railway systems are, however, still implemented on a 2D basis. This is particularly true of track inspection due to its linear nature. Benefiting from the development of sensor technology and constantly improving processors, higher quality 3D model reconstructions are becoming possible which push the technology into more challenging areas. One such advancement is the use of 3D perceptual techniques in railway systems. This paper presents a novel 3D perceptual system, based on a low-cost 2D laser sensor, which has been developed for the detection and characterisation of physical surface defects in railway tracks. An innovative prototype system has been developed to capture and correlate the laser scan data; dedicated 3D data processing procedures have then been developed in the form of three specific defect-detection algorithms (depth gradient, face normal and face-normal gradient) which are applied to the 3D model. The system has been tested with rail samples in the laboratory and at the Long Marston Railway Test Track. The 3D models developed represent the external surface of the samples both laterally (2D slices) and longitudinally (3D model), and common surface defects can be detected and represented in 3D. The results demonstrate the feasibility of applying 3D reconstruction-based inspection techniques to railway systems.